X86 Abnormal cervix smear (ICD-10:R87.6)

Introduction

Abnormal cervix smear, also known as an abnormal Pap smear, is a screening test used to detect changes in the cells of the cervix that may indicate the presence of cervical cancer or precancerous conditions^[1]. The aim of this guide is to provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic steps and possible interventions for patients with an abnormal cervix smear.

Codes

• ICPC-2 Code: X86 Abnormal cervix smear
• ICD-10 Code: R87.6 Abnormal cytological findings in specimens from cervix uteri

Symptoms

• Vaginal bleeding between periods or after intercourse^[2]
• Unusual vaginal discharge^[3]
• Pelvic pain or discomfort^[4]

Causes

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection^[5]
• Hormonal changes^[6]
• Cervical inflammation or infection^[7]
• Cervical dysplasia or precancerous changes^[8]

Diagnostic Steps

Medical History

• Gather information about the patient’s risk factors, such as sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, and history of HPV infection^[9].
• Inquire about any medical conditions that may increase the risk of cervical abnormalities, such as immunosuppression or previous cervical procedures^[10].
• Ask about the presence of symptoms related to the abnormal cervix smear, such as vaginal bleeding or discharge.

Physical Examination

• Perform a pelvic examination to assess the cervix for any visible abnormalities, such as lesions or growths.
• Palpate the pelvic area to check for any tenderness or masses that may indicate advanced disease.

Laboratory Tests

• Pap smear: Collect a sample of cells from the cervix to be examined for any abnormal changes.
• HPV testing: Determine the presence of high-risk HPV strains that are associated with cervical cancer.
• Colposcopy: Use a special magnifying instrument to examine the cervix for any abnormal areas that may require further evaluation.

Diagnostic Imaging

• Transvaginal ultrasound: Use sound waves to create images of the reproductive organs, including the cervix, to assess for any structural abnormalities.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Provide detailed images of the cervix and surrounding structures to evaluate the extent of disease.

Other Tests

• Endocervical curettage: Collect a sample of cells from the endocervical canal to evaluate for any abnormal changes.
• Biopsy: Remove a small sample of tissue from the cervix for further examination under a microscope.

Follow-up and Patient Education

• Schedule a follow-up appointment to discuss the results of the diagnostic tests and determine the appropriate course of action.
• Provide education to the patient about the importance of regular cervical cancer screening and the potential implications of an abnormal cervix smear.

Possible Interventions

Traditional Interventions

Medications:

Top 5 drugs for Abnormal cervix smear:

1. Cryotherapy:
   • Cost: $200-$500 per session.
   • Contraindications: Pregnancy, active pelvic infection.
   • Side effects: Mild cramping, vaginal discharge.
   • Severe side effects: Rare, but may include infection or scarring.
   • Drug interactions: None.
   • Warning: Follow-up Pap smears are necessary to monitor for recurrence.
2. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP):
   • Cost: $1,000-$2,000.
   • Contraindications: Pregnancy, active pelvic infection.
   • Side effects: Mild cramping, vaginal discharge.
   • Severe side effects: Rare, but may include infection or scarring.
   • Drug interactions: None.
   • Warning: Follow-up Pap smears are necessary to monitor for recurrence.
3. Cone biopsy:
   • Cost: $2,000-$4,000.
   • Contraindications: Pregnancy, active pelvic infection.
   • Side effects: Mild cramping, vaginal discharge.
   • Severe side effects: Rare, but may include infection or scarring.
   • Drug interactions: None.
   • Warning: Follow-up Pap smears are necessary to monitor for recurrence.
4. Chemotherapy (e.g., cisplatin):
   • Cost: Varies depending on the specific chemotherapy regimen.
   • Contraindications: Severe kidney or liver disease, low blood cell counts.
   • Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, hair loss.
   • Severe side effects: Suppression of bone marrow function, kidney damage.
   • Drug interactions: Many potential drug interactions, consult a pharmacist.
   • Warning: Regular blood tests are required to monitor for side effects.
5. Radiation therapy:
   • Cost: Varies depending on the specific radiation treatment plan.
   • Contraindications: Pregnancy, active pelvic infection.
   • Side effects: Fatigue, skin irritation.
   • Severe side effects: Rare, but may include damage to nearby organs.
   • Drug interactions: None.
   • Warning: Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor for side effects.

Alternative Drugs:

• None

Surgical Procedures:

• Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus.
  • Cost: $10,000-$20,000.
  • Contraindications: Desire for future fertility, severe medical conditions that increase surgical risk.
  • Side effects: Menopause-like symptoms, loss of fertility.
  • Severe side effects: Rare, but may include infection or injury to nearby organs.
  • Drug interactions: None.
  • Warning: Hormone replacement therapy may be necessary after surgery.

Alternative Interventions

• Cervical cryotherapy: Freezing abnormal cervical cells using a probe.
  • Cost: $200-$500 per session.
  • Effectiveness: Can effectively treat precancerous cervical lesions.
• Laser therapy: Using a laser to destroy abnormal cervical cells.
  • Cost: $500-$1,500 per session.
  • Effectiveness: Can effectively treat precancerous cervical lesions.
• Cervical conization: Surgical removal of a cone-shaped piece of the cervix.
  • Cost: $2,000-$4,000.
  • Effectiveness: Can effectively treat precancerous cervical lesions.
• Immunotherapy: Stimulating the body’s immune system to target and destroy abnormal cervical cells.
  • Cost: Varies depending on the specific immunotherapy regimen.
  • Effectiveness: Can be effective in treating precancerous cervical lesions.
• Photodynamic therapy: Using a photosensitizing agent and light to destroy abnormal cervical cells.
  • Cost: $1,000-$2,000 per session.
  • Effectiveness: Can be effective in treating precancerous cervical lesions.

Lifestyle Interventions

• Smoking cessation: Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of cervical cancer and improve overall health.
  • Cost: Varies depending on the method used for smoking cessation.
• Healthy diet: Consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can support overall health and immune function.
  • Cost: Varies depending on individual food choices.
• Safe sex practices: Using barrier methods, such as condoms, can reduce the risk of HPV infection.
  • Cost: Varies depending on the cost of barrier methods.
• Regular exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity can support overall health and immune function.
  • Cost: Varies depending on individual exercise preferences.

It is important to note that the cost ranges provided are approximate and may vary depending on the location and availability of the interventions.

Mirari Cold Plasma Alternative Intervention

Understanding Mirari Cold Plasma

• Safe and Non-Invasive Treatment: Mirari Cold Plasma is a safe and non-invasive treatment option for various skin conditions. It does not require incisions, minimizing the risk of scarring, bleeding, or tissue damage.
• Efficient Extraction of Foreign Bodies: Mirari Cold Plasma facilitates the removal of foreign bodies from the skin by degrading and dissociating organic matter, allowing easier access and extraction.
• Pain Reduction and Comfort: Mirari Cold Plasma has a local analgesic effect, providing pain relief during the treatment, making it more comfortable for the patient.
• Reduced Risk of Infection: Mirari Cold Plasma has antimicrobial properties, effectively killing bacteria and reducing the risk of infection.
• Accelerated Healing and Minimal Scarring: Mirari Cold Plasma stimulates wound healing and tissue regeneration, reducing healing time and minimizing the formation of scars.

Mirari Cold Plasma Prescription

Video instructions for using Mirari Cold Plasma Device – X86 Abnormal cervix smear (ICD-10:R87.6)

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Use the Mirari Cold Plasma device to treat Abnormal cervix smear effectively.

WARNING: MIRARI COLD PLASMA IS DESIGNED FOR THE HUMAN BODY WITHOUT ANY ARTIFICIAL OR THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS. USE OF OTHER PRODUCTS IN COMBINATION WITH MIRARI COLD PLASMA MAY CAUSE UNPREDICTABLE EFFECTS, HARM OR INJURY. PLEASE CONSULT A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL BEFORE COMBINING ANY OTHER PRODUCTS WITH USE OF MIRARI.

Step 1: Cleanse the Skin

• Start by cleaning the affected area of the skin with a gentle cleanser or mild soap and water. Gently pat the area dry with a clean towel.

Step 2: Prepare the Mirari Cold Plasma device

• Ensure that the Mirari Cold Plasma device is fully charged or has fresh batteries as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Make sure the device is clean and in good working condition.
• Switch on the Mirari device using the power button or by following the specific instructions provided with the device.
• Some Mirari devices may have adjustable settings for intensity or treatment duration. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to select the appropriate settings based on your needs and the recommended guidelines.

Step 3: Apply the Device

• Place the Mirari device in direct contact with the affected area of the skin. Gently glide or hold the device over the skin surface, ensuring even coverage of the area experiencing.
• Slowly move the Mirari device in a circular motion or follow a specific pattern as indicated in the user manual. This helps ensure thorough treatment coverage.

Step 4: Monitor and Assess:

• Keep track of your progress and evaluate the effectiveness of the Mirari device in managing your Abnormal cervix smear. If you have any concerns or notice any adverse reactions, consult with your health care professional.

Note

This guide is for informational purposes only and should not replace the advice of a medical professional. Always consult with your healthcare provider or a qualified medical professional for personal advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Do not solely rely on the information presented here for decisions about your health. Use of this information is at your own risk. The authors of this guide, nor any associated entities or platforms, are not responsible for any potential adverse effects or outcomes based on the content.

Mirari Cold Plasma System Disclaimer

• Purpose: The Mirari Cold Plasma System is a Class 2 medical device designed for use by trained healthcare professionals. It is registered for use in Thailand and Vietnam. It is not intended for use outside of these locations.
• Informational Use: The content and information provided with the device are for educational and informational purposes only. They are not a substitute for professional medical advice or care.
• Variable Outcomes: While the device is approved for specific uses, individual outcomes can differ. We do not assert or guarantee specific medical outcomes.
• Consultation: Prior to utilizing the device or making decisions based on its content, it is essential to consult with a Certified Mirari Tele-Therapist and your medical healthcare provider regarding specific protocols.
• Liability: By using this device, users are acknowledging and accepting all potential risks. Neither the manufacturer nor the distributor will be held accountable for any adverse reactions, injuries, or damages stemming from its use.
• Geographical Availability: This device has received approval for designated purposes by the Thai and Vietnam FDA. As of now, outside of Thailand and Vietnam, the Mirari Cold Plasma System is not available for purchase or use.

References

1. Arbyn M, et al. Cervical screening: ESGO-EFC position paper of the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology (ESGO) and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC). Br J Cancer. 2021;124(9):1589-1597.
2. Tarney CM, Han J. Postcoital Bleeding: A Review on Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2014;2014:192087.
3. Mitra A, et al. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: diagnosis and management. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2016;61(3):333-342.
4. Bornstein J, et al. 2011 terminology of the vulva of the International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2012;16(3):290-295.
5. Schiffman M, et al. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):890-907.
6. Castle PE, et al. The relationship of community biopsy-diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 to the quality control pathology-reviewed diagnoses: an ALTS report. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127(5):805-815.
7. Mitra A, MacIntyre DA, Marchesi JR, Lee YS, Bennett PR, Kyrgiou M. The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: what do we know and where are we going next? Microbiome. 2016;4(1):58.
8. Schiffman M, Wentzensen N. Human papillomavirus infection and the multistage carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22(4):553-560.
9. Saslow D, et al. American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62(3):147-172.
10. Massad LS, et al. 2012 updated consensus guidelines for the management of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2013;17(5 Suppl 1):S1-S27.