X75 Malignant neoplasm cervix (ICD-10:C53.9)

Introduction

Malignant neoplasm cervix, also known as cervical cancer, is a type of cancer that occurs in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.^[1] It is a significant health concern worldwide and is the fourth most common cancer in women.^[2] The aim of this guide is to provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and possible interventions for malignant neoplasm cervix.

Codes

• ICPC-2 Code: X75 Malignant neoplasm cervix
• ICD-10 Code: C53.9 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri, unspecified

Symptoms

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause^[3]
• Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse^[4]
• Vaginal discharge that is watery, bloody, or foul-smelling^[5]
• Increased urinary frequency^[6]
• Fatigue and weight loss^[7]

Causes

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly high-risk types such as HPV 16 and 18^[8]
• Weakened immune system^[9]
• Smoking^[10]
• Long-term use of oral contraceptives
• Multiple sexual partners
• Early sexual activity

Diagnostic Steps

Medical History

• Gather information about the patient’s risk factors, such as HPV infection, smoking history, and sexual history
• Identify any medical conditions or medications that may increase the risk of cervical cancer
• Ask about the presence of symptoms related to cervical cancer, such as abnormal vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain

Physical Examination

• Perform a pelvic examination to assess the cervix for any abnormalities, such as growths or lesions
• Palpate the pelvic area to check for any enlarged lymph nodes or masses

Laboratory Tests

• Pap smear: A sample of cells is collected from the cervix and examined under a microscope to detect any abnormal changes
• HPV DNA test: This test checks for the presence of high-risk HPV types in the cervix
• Biopsy: If abnormal cells are detected, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the stage of the cancer

Diagnostic Imaging

• CT scan: This imaging modality can provide detailed images of the pelvis and abdomen to assess the extent of the cancer and detect any spread to nearby lymph nodes or organs
• MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging can provide more detailed images of the cervix and surrounding structures, helping to determine the stage of the cancer
• Chest X-ray: This may be done to check for any signs of metastasis to the lungs

Other Tests

• Colposcopy: A colposcope, a magnifying instrument, is used to examine the cervix more closely and identify any abnormal areas that may require biopsy
• Endocervical curettage: This procedure involves scraping the lining of the cervix to collect cells for further examination
• Lymph node biopsy: If there is suspicion of lymph node involvement, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the presence of cancer cells

Follow-up and Patient Education

• Provide the patient with information about the diagnosis, including the stage of the cancer and treatment options
• Schedule regular follow-up appointments to monitor the progress of the disease and assess the effectiveness of treatment
• Educate the patient about the importance of regular screenings and HPV vaccination for prevention

Possible Interventions

Traditional Interventions

Medications:

Top 5 drugs for Malignant neoplasm cervix:

1. Cisplatin:
   • Cost: $100-$500 per cycle.
   • Contraindications: Severe kidney disease, hearing loss.
   • Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, kidney damage.
   • Severe side effects: Bone marrow suppression, allergic reactions.
   • Drug interactions: Aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics.
   • Warning: Regular kidney function tests required.
2. Paclitaxel:
   • Cost: $1,000-$5,000 per cycle.
   • Contraindications: Severe liver disease, low white blood cell count.
   • Side effects: Hair loss, numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, bone marrow suppression.
   • Severe side effects: Allergic reactions, heart problems.
   • Drug interactions: CYP3A4 inhibitors, St. John’s wort.
   • Warning: Regular blood cell count monitoring required.
3. Cetuximab:
   • Cost: $10,000-$20,000 per cycle.
   • Contraindications: Severe infusion reactions, severe heart disease.
   • Side effects: Skin rash, diarrhea, low magnesium levels.
   • Severe side effects: Infusion reactions, severe allergic reactions.
   • Drug interactions: None reported.
   • Warning: Regular magnesium level monitoring required.
4. Bevacizumab:
   • Cost: $10,000-$20,000 per cycle.
   • Contraindications: Severe bleeding, uncontrolled high blood pressure.
   • Side effects: High blood pressure, bleeding, proteinuria.
   • Severe side effects: Severe bleeding, gastrointestinal perforation.
   • Drug interactions: None reported.
   • Warning: Regular blood pressure monitoring required.
5. Radiation therapy:
   • Cost: $10,000-$50,000 per course.
   • Contraindications: Pregnancy, severe bowel obstruction.
   • Side effects: Fatigue, skin changes, nausea.
   • Severe side effects: Radiation burns, damage to nearby organs.
   • Drug interactions: None reported.
   • Warning: Regular follow-up appointments required.

Alternative Drugs:

• Carboplatin: A platinum-based chemotherapy drug that may be used as an alternative to cisplatin.
• Topotecan: A topoisomerase inhibitor that may be used in combination with cisplatin for advanced or recurrent cervical cancer.
• Gemcitabine: A chemotherapy drug that may be used in combination with cisplatin or carboplatin for advanced or recurrent cervical cancer.
• Pembrolizumab: An immunotherapy drug that may be used for advanced or recurrent cervical cancer with specific biomarkers.
• Avastin: A targeted therapy drug that may be used in combination with chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent cervical cancer.

Surgical Procedures:

• Radical hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus, cervix, and surrounding tissues. Cost: $20,000-$50,000.
• Pelvic exenteration: Surgical removal of the uterus, cervix, vagina, bladder, and rectum. Cost: $50,000-$100,000.

Alternative Interventions

• Acupuncture: May help manage treatment side effects and improve overall well-being. Cost: $60-$120 per session.
• Herbal supplements: Certain herbs, such as green tea extract and curcumin, may have potential benefits in cancer treatment. Cost: Varies depending on the specific supplement.
• Mind-body techniques: Practices such as meditation, yoga, and guided imagery may help reduce stress and improve quality of life. Cost: Varies depending on the specific practice and location.
• Nutritional therapy: Working with a registered dietitian to develop a personalized nutrition plan may help support overall health during treatment. Cost: Varies depending on the duration and frequency of consultations.
• Supportive counseling: Individual or group counseling sessions can provide emotional support and help patients cope with the challenges of cancer. Cost: Varies depending on the therapist and location.

Lifestyle Interventions

• Quit smoking: Smoking is a known risk factor for cervical cancer. Quitting smoking can improve overall health and reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. Cost: Varies depending on the chosen smoking cessation method.
• Healthy diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support overall health and immune function. Cost: Varies depending on individual food choices and dietary preferences.
• Regular exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity can improve physical and mental well-being during and after cancer treatment. Cost: Varies depending on the chosen exercise program or gym membership.
• Stress management: Practicing stress-reducing techniques, such as deep breathing exercises, mindfulness, or relaxation techniques, can help improve quality of life. Cost: Varies depending on the chosen method or participation in stress management programs.
• Support groups: Joining support groups or seeking counseling can provide emotional support and a sense of community during the cancer journey. Cost: Varies depending on the specific support group or counseling services.

It is important to note that the cost ranges provided are approximate and may vary depending on the location and availability of the interventions. It is recommended to consult with healthcare professionals and insurance providers for accurate cost information and coverage options.

Mirari Cold Plasma Alternative Intervention

Understanding Mirari Cold Plasma

• Safe and Non-Invasive Treatment: Mirari Cold Plasma is a safe and non-invasive treatment option for various skin conditions. It does not require incisions, minimizing the risk of scarring, bleeding, or tissue damage.
• Efficient Extraction of Foreign Bodies: Mirari Cold Plasma facilitates the removal of foreign bodies from the skin by degrading and dissociating organic matter, allowing easier access and extraction.
• Pain Reduction and Comfort: Mirari Cold Plasma has a local analgesic effect, providing pain relief during the treatment, making it more comfortable for the patient.
• Reduced Risk of Infection: Mirari Cold Plasma has antimicrobial properties, effectively killing bacteria and reducing the risk of infection.
• Accelerated Healing and Minimal Scarring: Mirari Cold Plasma stimulates wound healing and tissue regeneration, reducing healing time and minimizing the formation of scars.

Mirari Cold Plasma Prescription

Video instructions for using Mirari Cold Plasma Device – X75 Malignant neoplasm cervix (ICD-10:C53.9)

Localized (0) Sacrum (1) Prostate & Uterus (2) Kidney, Liver & Spleen (3) Heart, Bile & Pancreas (4) Lungs (5) Throat, Lymphatic & Thyroid (6) Neuro system & ENT (7)

Use the Mirari Cold Plasma device to treat Malignant neoplasm cervix effectively.

WARNING: MIRARI COLD PLASMA IS DESIGNED FOR THE HUMAN BODY WITHOUT ANY ARTIFICIAL OR THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS. USE OF OTHER PRODUCTS IN COMBINATION WITH MIRARI COLD PLASMA MAY CAUSE UNPREDICTABLE EFFECTS, HARM OR INJURY. PLEASE CONSULT A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL BEFORE COMBINING ANY OTHER PRODUCTS WITH USE OF MIRARI.

Step 1: Cleanse the Skin

• Start by cleaning the affected area of the skin with a gentle cleanser or mild soap and water. Gently pat the area dry with a clean towel.

Step 2: Prepare the Mirari Cold Plasma device

• Ensure that the Mirari Cold Plasma device is fully charged or has fresh batteries as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Make sure the device is clean and in good working condition.
• Switch on the Mirari device using the power button or by following the specific instructions provided with the device.
• Some Mirari devices may have adjustable settings for intensity or treatment duration. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to select the appropriate settings based on your needs and the recommended guidelines.

Step 3: Apply the Device

• Place the Mirari device in direct contact with the affected area of the skin. Gently glide or hold the device over the skin surface, ensuring even coverage of the area experiencing.
• Slowly move the Mirari device in a circular motion or follow a specific pattern as indicated in the user manual. This helps ensure thorough treatment coverage.

Step 4: Monitor and Assess:

• Keep track of your progress and evaluate the effectiveness of the Mirari device in managing your Malignant neoplasm cervix. If you have any concerns or notice any adverse reactions, consult with your health care professional.

Note

This guide is for informational purposes only and should not replace the advice of a medical professional. Always consult with your healthcare provider or a qualified medical professional for personal advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Do not solely rely on the information presented here for decisions about your health. Use of this information is at your own risk. The authors of this guide, nor any associated entities or platforms, are not responsible for any potential adverse effects or outcomes based on the content.

Mirari Cold Plasma System Disclaimer

• Purpose: The Mirari Cold Plasma System is a Class 2 medical device designed for use by trained healthcare professionals. It is registered for use in Thailand and Vietnam. It is not intended for use outside of these locations.
• Informational Use: The content and information provided with the device are for educational and informational purposes only. They are not a substitute for professional medical advice or care.
• Variable Outcomes: While the device is approved for specific uses, individual outcomes can differ. We do not assert or guarantee specific medical outcomes.
• Consultation: Prior to utilizing the device or making decisions based on its content, it is essential to consult with a Certified Mirari Tele-Therapist and your medical healthcare provider regarding specific protocols.
• Liability: By using this device, users are acknowledging and accepting all potential risks. Neither the manufacturer nor the distributor will be held accountable for any adverse reactions, injuries, or damages stemming from its use.
• Geographical Availability: This device has received approval for designated purposes by the Thai and Vietnam FDA. As of now, outside of Thailand and Vietnam, the Mirari Cold Plasma System is not available for purchase or use.

References

1. Bhatla, N., & Denny, L. (2018). FIGO Cancer Report 2018. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 143, 2-3.
2. Arbyn, M., Weiderpass, E., Bruni, L., de Sanjosé, S., Saraiya, M., Ferlay, J., & Bray, F. (2020). Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 8(2), e191-e203.
3. Cohen, P. A., Jhingran, A., Oaknin, A., & Denny, L. (2019). Cervical cancer. The Lancet, 393(10167), 169-182.
4. Koh, W. J., Abu-Rustum, N. R., Bean, S., Bradley, K., Campos, S. M., Cho, K. R., … & Crispens, M. A. (2019). Cervical cancer, version 3.2019, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 17(1), 64-84.
5. Hoffman, B. L., Schorge, J. O., Halvorson, L. M., Hamid, C. A., Corton, M. M., & Schaffer, J. I. (2020). Williams Gynecology, 4e. McGraw Hill Professional.
6. Petignat, P., & Roy, M. (2007). Diagnosis and management of cervical cancer. Bmj, 335(7623), 765-768.
7. Berek, J. S., & Hacker, N. F. (2015). Berek & Hacker’s gynecologic oncology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
8. Walboomers, J. M., Jacobs, M. V., Manos, M. M., Bosch, F. X., Kummer, J. A., Shah, K. V., … & Muñoz, N. (1999). Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. The Journal of pathology, 189(1), 12-19.
9. Dugué, P. A., Rebolj, M., Garred, P., & Lynge, E. (2013). Immunosuppression and risk of cervical cancer. Expert review of anticancer therapy, 13(1), 29-42.
10. Roura, E., Castellsagué, X., Pawlita, M., Travier, N., Waterboer, T., Margall, N., … & Riboli, E. (2014). Smoking as a major risk factor for cervical cancer and pre‐cancer: Results from the EPIC cohort. International journal of cancer, 135(2), 453-466.