Y05 Scrotum/testis symptom/complaint other (ICD-10:N50.9)

Introduction

Scrotum/testis symptoms or complaints refer to any issues or abnormalities experienced in the scrotum or testicles. These symptoms can range from pain and swelling to lumps or changes in size or texture. It is essential to promptly diagnose and address these symptoms to prevent complications and ensure optimal health. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and managing scrotum/testis symptoms or complaints.

Codes

• ICPC-2 Code: Y05 Scrotum/testis symptom/complaint other^[1]
• ICD-10 Code: N50.9 Disorder of male genital organs, unspecified^[2]

Symptoms

• Pain in the scrotum or testicles: This may be a dull ache, sharp pain, or a feeling of heaviness.
• Swelling or enlargement of the scrotum or testicles: This may be accompanied by redness or warmth.
• Changes in the size or texture of the testicles: This can include lumps, hardening, or softening.
• Discharge from the penis: This may be accompanied by pain or discomfort.
• Groin or abdominal pain: This pain may radiate from the scrotum or testicles.
• Changes in urinary or sexual function: This can include difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, or erectile dysfunction^[3].

Causes

• Testicular torsion: Twisting of the testicle, which cuts off its blood supply.
• Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, often due to infection.
• Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicle, commonly caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
• Testicular trauma: Injury or trauma to the scrotum or testicles.
• Testicular cancer: Abnormal growth of cells in the testicles.
• Inguinal hernia: A bulge or protrusion of abdominal tissue through the inguinal canal.
• Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum, similar to varicose veins.
• Hydrocele: Fluid accumulation in the scrotum, leading to swelling.
• Spermatocele: Fluid-filled cysts in the epididymis.
• Kidney stones: Hard deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause referred pain to the scrotum or testicles^[4][5].

Diagnostic Steps

Medical History

• Gather information about the patient’s symptoms, including the onset, duration, and severity.
• Ask about any previous medical conditions or surgeries related to the scrotum or testicles.
• Inquire about risk factors, such as a family history of testicular cancer or previous sexually transmitted infections.
• Discuss any urinary or sexual symptoms experienced by the patient.
• Assess any recent trauma or injury to the scrotum or testicles^[6].

Physical Examination

• Inspect the scrotum for any swelling, redness, or changes in size or texture.
• Palpate the testicles for any lumps, tenderness, or abnormalities.
• Check for the presence of a hernia or varicocele.
• Perform a rectal examination to assess the prostate gland and check for any abnormalities.
• Evaluate the abdomen and groin for any signs of referred pain or masses.^[7]

Laboratory Tests

• Complete blood count (CBC): Assess for signs of infection or inflammation.
• Urinalysis: Look for any signs of infection or blood in the urine.
• Sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing: Screen for common STIs, such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.
• Tumor markers (e.g., alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, lactate dehydrogenase): Help detect testicular cancer.
• Ultrasound: Visualize the scrotum and testicles to assess for any abnormalities, such as masses or fluid accumulation.^[8]

Diagnostic Imaging

• Ultrasound: Provides detailed images of the scrotum and testicles to identify any abnormalities or structural issues.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): May be used for further evaluation of specific cases, such as suspected testicular cancer or complex abnormalities.^[9]

Other Tests

• Biopsy: If testicular cancer is suspected, a biopsy may be performed to obtain a sample for further analysis.
• Uroflowmetry: Measures the rate and volume of urine flow to assess urinary function.
• Cystoscopy: Involves inserting a thin tube with a camera into the bladder to evaluate urinary and prostate conditions.^[10]

Follow-up and Patient Education

• Schedule follow-up appointments to monitor progress and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.
• Provide instructions on self-examination of the testicles to promote early detection of abnormalities.
• Educate patients about the importance of regular check-ups and screening for testicular cancer.
• Offer resources for support groups or counseling services to address any emotional or psychological concerns.

Possible Interventions

Traditional Interventions

Medications:

Top 5 drugs for scrotum/testis symptoms/complaints:

1. Antibiotics (e.g., Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline):
   • Cost: Generic versions can range from $5 to $50, depending on the specific medication and dosage.
   • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the medication, history of severe adverse reactions.
   • Side effects: Nausea, diarrhea, photosensitivity.
   • Severe side effects: Allergic reactions, tendon rupture.
   • Drug interactions: Antacids, warfarin, certain seizure medications.
   • Warning: Finish the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (e.g., Ibuprofen, Naproxen):
   • Cost: Generic versions can range from $5 to $20, depending on the specific medication and dosage.
   • Contraindications: Active peptic ulcer disease, history of gastrointestinal bleeding.
   • Side effects: Upset stomach, potential kidney damage.
   • Severe side effects: Gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney failure.
   • Drug interactions: Blood thinners, certain blood pressure medications.
   • Warning: Take with food to minimize stomach upset.
3. Analgesics (e.g., Acetaminophen, Tramadol):
   • Cost: Generic versions can range from $5 to $20, depending on the specific medication and dosage.
   • Contraindications: Severe liver disease, history of alcohol dependence.
   • Side effects: Rare at therapeutic doses.
   • Severe side effects: Liver damage (with excessive use of acetaminophen).
   • Drug interactions: Other medications containing acetaminophen.
   • Warning: Follow recommended dosage instructions.
4. Antifungal medications (e.g., Clotrimazole, Fluconazole):
   • Cost: Generic versions can range from $5 to $30, depending on the specific medication and dosage.
   • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the medication.
   • Side effects: Rare at therapeutic doses.
   • Severe side effects: Severe allergic reactions.
   • Drug interactions: Certain blood thinners, certain seizure medications.
   • Warning: Use as directed for the prescribed duration.
5. Steroids (e.g., Prednisone, Dexamethasone):
   • Cost: Generic versions can range from $5 to $30, depending on the specific medication and dosage.
   • Contraindications: Active infections, uncontrolled diabetes.
   • Side effects: Increased appetite, weight gain, mood changes.
   • Severe side effects: Immunosuppression, adrenal insufficiency.
   • Drug interactions: Certain blood thinners, certain seizure medications.
   • Warning: Taper the dosage gradually when discontinuing long-term use.

Alternative Drugs:

• Antiviral medications (e.g., Valacyclovir): Specifically used for viral infections, such as herpes.
• Antifungal creams (e.g., Miconazole): Topical treatment for fungal infections.
• Alpha-blockers (e.g., Tamsulosin): Relaxes the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck to alleviate urinary symptoms.
• Antispasmodics (e.g., Oxybutynin): Reduces bladder spasms and urinary urgency.
• Antidepressants (e.g., Amitriptyline): May be used for the management of chronic pain.

Surgical Procedures:

• Orchiectomy: Surgical removal of one or both testicles, usually performed in cases of testicular cancer.
  • Cost: $5,000 to $10,000.
  • Contraindications: None specific to the procedure.
  • Side effects: Loss of fertility, hormonal changes.
  • Severe side effects: Infection, bleeding.
  • Drug interactions: None specific to the procedure.
  • Warning: Discuss fertility preservation options before the procedure.
• Hydrocelectomy: Surgical removal of a hydrocele (fluid accumulation in the scrotum).
  • Cost: $2,000 to $5,000.
  • Contraindications: None specific to the procedure.
  • Side effects: Swelling, bruising, discomfort.
  • Severe side effects: Infection, bleeding.
  • Drug interactions: None specific to the procedure.
  • Warning: Follow post-operative care instructions to prevent complications.
• Varicocelectomy: Surgical removal or ligation of varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum).
  • Cost: $3,000 to $6,000.
  • Contraindications: None specific to the procedure.
  • Side effects: Swelling, bruising, discomfort.
  • Severe side effects: Infection, bleeding.
  • Drug interactions: None specific to the procedure.
  • Warning: Follow post-operative care instructions to prevent complications.
• Testicular biopsy: Surgical removal of a sample of testicular tissue for further analysis.
  • Cost: $2,000 to $5,000.
  • Contraindications: None specific to the procedure.
  • Side effects: Swelling, bruising, discomfort.
  • Severe side effects: Infection, bleeding.
  • Drug interactions: None specific to the procedure.
  • Warning: Discuss potential risks and benefits with the patient before performing the procedure.
• Inguinal hernia repair: Surgical repair of an inguinal hernia.
  • Cost: $5,000 to $10,000.
  • Contraindications: None specific to the procedure.
  • Side effects: Swelling, bruising, discomfort.
  • Severe side effects: Infection, bleeding.
  • Drug interactions: None specific to the procedure.
  • Warning: Follow post-operative care instructions to prevent complications.

Alternative Interventions

• Acupuncture: May help relieve pain and improve overall well-being.
  • Cost: $60 to $120 per session.
• Chiropractic care: May provide pain relief and promote proper alignment.
  • Cost: $50 to $200 per session.
• Herbal remedies: Certain herbs, such as saw palmetto or ginseng, may help alleviate symptoms.
  • Cost: Varies depending on the specific herb and formulation.
• Physical therapy: Can help improve mobility, reduce pain, and promote healing.
  • Cost: $50 to $150 per session.
• Nutritional supplements: Some supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids or vitamin D, may have potential benefits for overall health.
  • Cost: Varies depending on the specific supplement.

Lifestyle Interventions

• Hot or cold compresses: Applying a hot or cold compress to the scrotum may help alleviate pain and reduce swelling.
  • Cost: Minimal to none.
• Scrotal support: Wearing supportive underwear or a scrotal support garment can help reduce discomfort and provide additional support.
  • Cost: $10 to $50, depending on the specific product.
• Avoiding triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers, such as certain activities or substances, can help prevent symptom flare-ups.
  • Cost: Minimal to none.

Mirari Cold Plasma Alternative Intervention

Understanding Mirari Cold Plasma

• Safe and Non-Invasive Treatment: Mirari Cold Plasma is a safe and non-invasive treatment option for various skin conditions. It does not require incisions, minimizing the risk of scarring, bleeding, or tissue damage.
• Efficient Extraction of Foreign Bodies: Mirari Cold Plasma facilitates the removal of foreign bodies from the skin by degrading and dissociating organic matter, allowing easier access and extraction.
• Pain Reduction and Comfort: Mirari Cold Plasma has a local analgesic effect, providing pain relief during the treatment, making it more comfortable for the patient.
• Reduced Risk of Infection: Mirari Cold Plasma has antimicrobial properties, effectively killing bacteria and reducing the risk of infection.
• Accelerated Healing and Minimal Scarring: Mirari Cold Plasma stimulates wound healing and tissue regeneration, reducing healing time and minimizing the formation of scars.

Mirari Cold Plasma Prescription

Video instructions for using Mirari Cold Plasma Device – Y05 Scrotum/testis symptom/complaint other (ICD-10:N50.9)

Localized (0) Sacrum (1) Prostate & Uterus (2) Kidney, Liver & Spleen (3) Heart, Bile & Pancreas (4) Lungs (5) Throat, Lymphatic & Thyroid (6) Neuro system & ENT (7)

Use the Mirari Cold Plasma device to treat Scrotum/testis sympt/complt. other effectively.

WARNING: MIRARI COLD PLASMA IS DESIGNED FOR THE HUMAN BODY WITHOUT ANY ARTIFICIAL OR THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS. USE OF OTHER PRODUCTS IN COMBINATION WITH MIRARI COLD PLASMA MAY CAUSE UNPREDICTABLE EFFECTS, HARM OR INJURY. PLEASE CONSULT A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL BEFORE COMBINING ANY OTHER PRODUCTS WITH USE OF MIRARI.

Step 1: Cleanse the Skin

• Start by cleaning the affected area of the skin with a gentle cleanser or mild soap and water. Gently pat the area dry with a clean towel.

Step 2: Prepare the Mirari Cold Plasma device

• Ensure that the Mirari Cold Plasma device is fully charged or has fresh batteries as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Make sure the device is clean and in good working condition.
• Switch on the Mirari device using the power button or by following the specific instructions provided with the device.
• Some Mirari devices may have adjustable settings for intensity or treatment duration. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to select the appropriate settings based on your needs and the recommended guidelines.

Step 3: Apply the Device

• Place the Mirari device in direct contact with the affected area of the skin. Gently glide or hold the device over the skin surface, ensuring even coverage of the area experiencing.
• Slowly move the Mirari device in a circular motion or follow a specific pattern as indicated in the user manual. This helps ensure thorough treatment coverage.

Step 4: Monitor and Assess:

• Keep track of your progress and evaluate the effectiveness of the Mirari device in managing your Scrotum/testis sympt/complt. other. If you have any concerns or notice any adverse reactions, consult with your health care professional.

Note

This guide is for informational purposes only and should not replace the advice of a medical professional. Always consult with your healthcare provider or a qualified medical professional for personal advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Do not solely rely on the information presented here for decisions about your health. Use of this information is at your own risk. The authors of this guide, nor any associated entities or platforms, are not responsible for any potential adverse effects or outcomes based on the content.

Mirari Cold Plasma System Disclaimer

• Purpose: The Mirari Cold Plasma System is a Class 2 medical device designed for use by trained healthcare professionals. It is registered for use in Thailand and Vietnam. It is not intended for use outside of these locations.
• Informational Use: The content and information provided with the device are for educational and informational purposes only. They are not a substitute for professional medical advice or care.
• Variable Outcomes: While the device is approved for specific uses, individual outcomes can differ. We do not assert or guarantee specific medical outcomes.
• Consultation: Prior to utilizing the device or making decisions based on its content, it is essential to consult with a Certified Mirari Tele-Therapist and your medical healthcare provider regarding specific protocols.
• Liability: By using this device, users are acknowledging and accepting all potential risks. Neither the manufacturer nor the distributor will be held accountable for any adverse reactions, injuries, or damages stemming from its use.
• Geographical Availability: This device has received approval for designated purposes by the Thai and Vietnam FDA. As of now, outside of Thailand and Vietnam, the Mirari Cold Plasma System is not available for purchase or use.

References

1. World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA). International Classification of Primary Care, Second edition (ICPC-2). Oxford University Press, 1998.
2. World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO, 2019.
3. Brill JR. Diagnosis and treatment of urethritis in men. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(7):873-878.
4. Wampler SM, Llanes M. Common scrotal and testicular problems. Prim Care. 2010;37(3):613-626.
5. Gordhan CG, Sadeghi-Nejad H. Scrotal pain: evaluation and management. Korean J Urol. 2015;56(1):3-11.
6. Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D. Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview. Am Fam Physician. 2009;79(7):583-587.
7. Muttarak M, Lojanapiwat B. The painful scrotum: an ultrasonographical approach to diagnosis. Singapore Med J. 2005;46(7):352-357.
8. Cokkinos DD, Antypa E, Tserotas P, et al. Emergency ultrasound of the scrotum: A review of the commonest pathologic conditions. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2011;40(1):1-14.
9. Tsili AC, Argyropoulou MI, Giannakis D, et al. MRI in the characterization and local staging of testicular neoplasms. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194(3):682-689.
10. Nickel JC. Prostatitis. Can Urol Assoc J. 2011;5(5):306-315.