T28 Limited function/disability (t) (ICD-10:Z73.6)

Introduction

Limited function/disability refers to a condition where an individual experiences a decrease in their ability to perform daily activities due to physical or cognitive impairments. This guide aims to provide an overview of the symptoms, causes, diagnostic steps, possible interventions, and lifestyle interventions for limited function/disability.

Codes

• ICPC-2 Code: T28 Limited function/disability (t)^[1]
• ICD-10 Code: Z73.6 Limitation of activities due to disability^[2]

Symptoms

• Difficulty in performing daily activities
• Decreased mobility
• Impaired coordination
• Cognitive impairments
• Fatigue
• Pain or discomfort^[3]

Causes

• Musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., arthritis, osteoporosis)
• Neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, Parkinson’s disease)
• Chronic conditions (e.g., heart disease, diabetes)
• Traumatic injuries (e.g., spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury)
• Age-related changes^[4]

Diagnostic Steps

Medical History

• Gather information about the patient’s medical conditions, including any chronic illnesses or previous injuries.
• Identify any risk factors that may contribute to limited function/disability.
• Assess the patient’s symptoms and their impact on daily activities^[5].

Physical Examination

• Perform a comprehensive physical examination to assess the patient’s mobility, coordination, and strength.
• Evaluate the patient’s range of motion and joint function.
• Assess the patient’s cognitive function and mental status.^[6]

Laboratory Tests

• Blood tests: Evaluate for underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, or vitamin deficiencies.
• Specialized assays: Assess specific markers related to musculoskeletal or neurological disorders.^[7]

Diagnostic Imaging

• X-rays: Assess for fractures, joint abnormalities, or degenerative changes.
• Ultrasound: Evaluate soft tissue structures, such as tendons or ligaments.
• CT scans or MRIs: Provide detailed images of the musculoskeletal or neurological structures.^[8]

Other Tests

• Electromyography (EMG): Measures the electrical activity of muscles and nerves.
• Balance and gait assessments: Evaluate the patient’s balance and walking ability.
• Cognitive assessments: Assess the patient’s cognitive function and memory.^[9]

Follow-up and Patient Education

• Schedule regular follow-up appointments to monitor the patient’s progress and adjust interventions as needed.
• Provide education on self-management strategies, including exercises, assistive devices, and lifestyle modifications.^[10]

Possible Interventions

Traditional Interventions

Medications:

Top 5 drugs for Limited function/disability:

1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (e.g., Ibuprofen, Naproxen):
   • Cost: Generic versions can be $3-$20/month.
   • Contraindications: History of gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney disease.
   • Side effects: Upset stomach, increased risk of bleeding.
   • Severe side effects: Kidney damage, allergic reactions.
   • Drug interactions: Blood thinners, ACE inhibitors.
   • Warning: Prolonged use may increase the risk of cardiovascular events.
2. Muscle relaxants (e.g., Cyclobenzaprine, Methocarbamol):
   • Cost: Generic versions can be $10-$30/month.
   • Contraindications: Glaucoma, liver disease.
   • Side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness.
   • Severe side effects: Allergic reactions, liver toxicity.
   • Drug interactions: Sedatives, opioids.
   • Warning: May cause drowsiness and impair cognitive function.
3. Antidepressants (e.g., Amitriptyline, Duloxetine):
   • Cost: Generic versions can be $10-$50/month.
   • Contraindications: Recent heart attack, narrow-angle glaucoma.
   • Side effects: Dry mouth, drowsiness.
   • Severe side effects: Suicidal thoughts, serotonin syndrome.
   • Drug interactions: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), St. John’s wort.
   • Warning: May take several weeks to achieve full effect.
4. Anticonvulsants (e.g., Gabapentin, Pregabalin):
   • Cost: Generic versions can be $10-$50/month.
   • Contraindications: Kidney disease, hypersensitivity.
   • Side effects: Dizziness, drowsiness.
   • Severe side effects: Suicidal thoughts, severe allergic reactions.
   • Drug interactions: Opioids, benzodiazepines.
   • Warning: May cause drowsiness and impair cognitive function.
5. Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone, Methylprednisolone):
   • Cost: Generic versions can be $10-$50/month.
   • Contraindications: Active infections, uncontrolled diabetes.
   • Side effects: Increased appetite, weight gain.
   • Severe side effects: Osteoporosis, adrenal suppression.
   • Drug interactions: NSAIDs, anticoagulants.
   • Warning: Long-term use may require gradual tapering to avoid adrenal insufficiency.

Alternative Drugs:

• Topical analgesics (e.g., Lidocaine patches): Provide localized pain relief. Cost: $10-$50 per patch.
• Antispasmodics (e.g., Baclofen): Reduce muscle spasms. Cost: $10-$50/month.
• Nerve pain medications (e.g., Gabapentin, Pregabalin): Alleviate neuropathic pain. Cost: $10-$50/month.
• Bisphosphonates (e.g., Alendronate): Improve bone density in osteoporosis. Cost: $10-$50/month.
• Cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., Donepezil): Improve cognitive function in certain neurological conditions. Cost: $10-$50/month.

Surgical Procedures:

• Joint replacement surgery: Replaces damaged joints with artificial implants. Cost: $20,000 to $50,000 per joint.
• Spinal fusion surgery: Fuses two or more vertebrae to stabilize the spine. Cost: $50,000 to $100,000.
• Deep brain stimulation: Implants electrodes in the brain to alleviate symptoms of movement disorders. Cost: $50,000 to $100,000.

Alternative Interventions

• Acupuncture: May help reduce pain and improve function. Cost: $60-$120 per session.
• Chiropractic care: Manipulation of the spine to alleviate pain and improve mobility. Cost: $50-$200 per session.
• Physical therapy: Exercises and manual therapy to improve strength and function. Cost: $50-$200 per session.
• Occupational therapy: Focuses on improving daily activities and function. Cost: $50-$200 per session.
• Assistive devices: Can include mobility aids, orthotics, or adaptive equipment. Cost: Varies depending on the specific device.

Lifestyle Interventions

• Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve strength, flexibility, and overall function. Cost: Varies (e.g., gym membership, equipment).
• Healthy diet: A balanced diet rich in nutrients can support overall health and well-being. Cost: Varies depending on food choices.
• Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce stress on joints and improve mobility. Cost: Varies (e.g., diet programs, weight loss medications).
• Stress management: Techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or counseling can help manage stress and improve overall well-being. Cost: Varies (e.g., self-help books, therapy sessions).
• Assistive technology: Devices such as grab bars, reachers, or voice-activated assistants can enhance independence. Cost: Varies depending on the specific device.

It is important to note that the cost ranges provided are approximate and may vary depending on the location and availability of the interventions.

Mirari Cold Plasma Alternative Intervention

Understanding Mirari Cold Plasma

• Safe and Non-Invasive Treatment: Mirari Cold Plasma is a safe and non-invasive treatment option for various skin conditions. It does not require incisions, minimizing the risk of scarring, bleeding, or tissue damage.
• Efficient Extraction of Foreign Bodies: Mirari Cold Plasma facilitates the removal of foreign bodies from the skin by degrading and dissociating organic matter, allowing easier access and extraction.
• Pain Reduction and Comfort: Mirari Cold Plasma has a local analgesic effect, providing pain relief during the treatment, making it more comfortable for the patient.
• Reduced Risk of Infection: Mirari Cold Plasma has antimicrobial properties, effectively killing bacteria and reducing the risk of infection.
• Accelerated Healing and Minimal Scarring: Mirari Cold Plasma stimulates wound healing and tissue regeneration, reducing healing time and minimizing the formation of scars.

Mirari Cold Plasma Prescription

Video instructions for using Mirari Cold Plasma Device – T28 Limited function/disability (t) (ICD-10:Z73.6)

Localized (0) Sacrum (1) Prostate & Uterus (2) Kidney, Liver & Spleen (3) Heart, Bile & Pancreas (4) Lungs (5) Throat, Lymphatic & Thyroid (6) Neuro system & ENT (7)

Use the Mirari Cold Plasma device to treat Limited function/disability (t) effectively.

WARNING: MIRARI COLD PLASMA IS DESIGNED FOR THE HUMAN BODY WITHOUT ANY ARTIFICIAL OR THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS. USE OF OTHER PRODUCTS IN COMBINATION WITH MIRARI COLD PLASMA MAY CAUSE UNPREDICTABLE EFFECTS, HARM OR INJURY. PLEASE CONSULT A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL BEFORE COMBINING ANY OTHER PRODUCTS WITH USE OF MIRARI.

Step 1: Cleanse the Skin

• Start by cleaning the affected area of the skin with a gentle cleanser or mild soap and water. Gently pat the area dry with a clean towel.

Step 2: Prepare the Mirari Cold Plasma device

• Ensure that the Mirari Cold Plasma device is fully charged or has fresh batteries as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Make sure the device is clean and in good working condition.
• Switch on the Mirari device using the power button or by following the specific instructions provided with the device.
• Some Mirari devices may have adjustable settings for intensity or treatment duration. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to select the appropriate settings based on your needs and the recommended guidelines.

Step 3: Apply the Device

• Place the Mirari device in direct contact with the affected area of the skin. Gently glide or hold the device over the skin surface, ensuring even coverage of the area experiencing.
• Slowly move the Mirari device in a circular motion or follow a specific pattern as indicated in the user manual. This helps ensure thorough treatment coverage.

Step 4: Monitor and Assess:

• Keep track of your progress and evaluate the effectiveness of the Mirari device in managing your Limited function/disability (t). If you have any concerns or notice any adverse reactions, consult with your health care professional.

Note

This guide is for informational purposes only and should not replace the advice of a medical professional. Always consult with your healthcare provider or a qualified medical professional for personal advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Do not solely rely on the information presented here for decisions about your health. Use of this information is at your own risk. The authors of this guide, nor any associated entities or platforms, are not responsible for any potential adverse effects or outcomes based on the content.

Mirari Cold Plasma System Disclaimer

• Purpose: The Mirari Cold Plasma System is a Class 2 medical device designed for use by trained healthcare professionals. It is registered for use in Thailand and Vietnam. It is not intended for use outside of these locations.
• Informational Use: The content and information provided with the device are for educational and informational purposes only. They are not a substitute for professional medical advice or care.
• Variable Outcomes: While the device is approved for specific uses, individual outcomes can differ. We do not assert or guarantee specific medical outcomes.
• Consultation: Prior to utilizing the device or making decisions based on its content, it is essential to consult with a Certified Mirari Tele-Therapist and your medical healthcare provider regarding specific protocols.
• Liability: By using this device, users are acknowledging and accepting all potential risks. Neither the manufacturer nor the distributor will be held accountable for any adverse reactions, injuries, or damages stemming from its use.
• Geographical Availability: This device has received approval for designated purposes by the Thai and Vietnam FDA. As of now, outside of Thailand and Vietnam, the Mirari Cold Plasma System is not available for purchase or use.

References

1. ICPC-2 – English. ICPC-2 – English. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.gesy.org.cy/el-gr/annualreport/icpc-2-english1-10.pdf
2. ICD-10-CM Code for Limitation of activities due to disability Z73.6. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aapc.com/codes/icd-10-codes/Z73.6
3. Intellectual Disability: Definition, Symptoms, & Treatment. (n.d.). Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25015-intellectual-disability-id
4. Yu, J. (2015). Endocrine disorders and the neurologic manifestations. Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 20(1), 8-13. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316409/
5. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Disability. (n.d.). NCBI. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK593673/
6. Intellectual Disability: Definition, Symptoms, Traits, Causes, Treatment. (n.d.). Verywell Mind. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/intellectual-disability-definition-symptoms-traits-causes-treatment-5220629
7. Irons, B. K. (n.d.). Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. Retrieved from https://www.accp.com/docs/meetings/UT15/handouts/PPC15_Endocrine_Disorders_workbook.pdf
8. New Insights and Potential Therapeutic Interventions in Metabolic Diseases. (2023). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(12), 10342. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10342188/
9. Intellectual Disability Signs, Symptoms, & Causes. (n.d.). Mill Creek Behavioral Health. Retrieved from https://www.millcreekbehavioralhealth.com/development-disorders/intellectual-disability/symptoms-signs-causes/
10. Lifestyle modification interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities: systematic review and meta-analysis at intervention and follow‐up. (n.d.). Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jir.13098