D96 Worms/other parasites (ICD-10:B82)

Introduction

Worms and other parasites are a common health issue that can affect individuals of all ages and backgrounds. These parasites can enter the body through various means, such as contaminated food or water, insect bites, or contact with infected individuals or animals^[1]. The aim of this guide is to provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and possible interventions for worms and other parasites.

Codes

• ICPC-2 Code: D96 Worms/other parasites^[2]
• ICD-10 Code: B82 Unspecified intestinal parasitism^[3]

Symptoms

• Abdominal pain: Individuals may experience cramping or discomfort in the abdominal region^[4].
• Diarrhea: Frequent loose or watery stools may be present^[4].
• Nausea and vomiting: Some individuals may experience feelings of nausea and may vomit^[4].
• Fatigue: Generalized weakness and tiredness may be present^[5].
• Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss may occur^[5].
• Itching: Itching around the anus or genital area may be present^[6].
• Visible worms or eggs: In some cases, worms or their eggs may be visible in the stool or around the anus^[6].

Causes

• Poor hygiene: Lack of proper handwashing and sanitation practices can contribute to the spread of worms and other parasites^[7].
• Contaminated food and water: Consuming food or water that is contaminated with parasites can lead to infection^[7].
• Insect bites: Certain parasites, such as mosquitoes or ticks, can transmit infections through their bites^[8].
• Contact with infected individuals or animals: Direct contact with individuals or animals who are infected with parasites can lead to transmission^[8].

Diagnostic Steps

Medical History

• Gather information about the patient’s recent travel history, as certain parasites are more prevalent in specific regions^[9].
• Inquire about any recent exposure to contaminated food or water^[9].
• Ask about any symptoms the patient is experiencing, including the duration and severity of each symptom^[9].
• Determine if the patient has had any contact with infected individuals or animals^[9].

Physical Examination

• Perform a thorough examination of the abdomen to check for tenderness or swelling^[10].
• Inspect the perianal area for any signs of itching or visible worms^[10].
• Check for any skin lesions or rashes that may be indicative of parasitic infection^[10].

Laboratory Tests

• Stool examination: Collect a stool sample to check for the presence of parasites or their eggs.
• Blood tests: Certain blood tests can help identify specific parasites or detect antibodies produced in response to infection.
• Serological tests: These tests can be used to detect specific antibodies in the blood that indicate the presence of certain parasites.
• Imaging studies: In some cases, imaging modalities such as ultrasound or CT scans may be used to visualize the presence of parasites in specific organs or tissues.

Other Tests

• Biopsy: In certain cases, a tissue sample may be taken for further analysis to identify the specific parasite causing the infection.
• PCR testing: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing can be used to detect the genetic material of parasites in various samples, such as blood or tissue.

Follow-up and Patient Education

• Provide the patient with information on proper hygiene practices, including handwashing and food safety.
• Advise the patient on the importance of completing any prescribed medications or treatments.
• Schedule follow-up appointments to monitor the patient’s progress and ensure the infection has been successfully treated.

Possible Interventions

Traditional Interventions

Medications:

Top 5 drugs for Worms/other parasites:

1. Mebendazole:
   • Cost: $10-$50 for a course of treatment.
   • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to mebendazole.
   • Side effects: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea.
   • Severe side effects: Severe allergic reactions, liver problems.
   • Drug interactions: None reported.
   • Warning: Not recommended for pregnant women or children under 2 years old.
2. Albendazole:
   • Cost: $10-$50 for a course of treatment.
   • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to albendazole.
   • Side effects: Abdominal pain, headache, nausea.
   • Severe side effects: Severe allergic reactions, liver problems.
   • Drug interactions: None reported.
   • Warning: Not recommended for pregnant women or children under 2 years old.
3. Praziquantel:
   • Cost: $10-$50 for a course of treatment.
   • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to praziquantel.
   • Side effects: Abdominal pain, headache, dizziness.
   • Severe side effects: Severe allergic reactions, liver problems.
   • Drug interactions: None reported.
   • Warning: Not recommended for pregnant women or children under 4 years old.
4. Ivermectin:
   • Cost: $10-$50 for a course of treatment.
   • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ivermectin.
   • Side effects: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness.
   • Severe side effects: Severe allergic reactions, liver problems.
   • Drug interactions: None reported.
   • Warning: Not recommended for pregnant women or children under 5 years old.
5. Metronidazole:
   • Cost: $10-$50 for a course of treatment.
   • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to metronidazole.
   • Side effects: Nausea, headache, metallic taste in mouth.
   • Severe side effects: Seizures, severe allergic reactions.
   • Drug interactions: Alcohol, warfarin.
   • Warning: Not recommended for pregnant women in the first trimester.

Alternative Drugs:

• Niclosamide: Used for tapeworm infections.
• Pyrantel pamoate: Used for roundworm and pinworm infections.
• Doxycycline: Used for certain parasitic infections transmitted by ticks or mosquitoes.
• Chloroquine: Used for malaria treatment and prevention.
• Atovaquone/proguanil: Used for malaria treatment and prevention.

Surgical Procedures:

In most cases, surgical intervention is not necessary for the treatment of worms and other parasites. However, in rare cases where complications arise, surgical procedures may be required. The specific procedure will depend on the location and severity of the infection.

Alternative Interventions

• Herbal remedies: Some herbal remedies, such as wormwood or black walnut, are believed to have antiparasitic properties. Cost: Varies depending on the specific remedy.
• Probiotics: Probiotic supplements may help restore the balance of gut bacteria and support the immune system. Cost: $10-$50 per month.
• Homeopathic treatments: Certain homeopathic treatments, such as Cina or Teucrium, are believed to help eliminate parasites. Cost: Varies depending on the specific treatment.
• Acupuncture: Acupuncture may help support the immune system and improve overall well-being. Cost: $60-$120 per session.
• Dietary changes: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may help support the immune system and promote overall health. Cost: Varies depending on individual food choices.

Lifestyle Interventions

• Improved hygiene practices: Emphasize the importance of proper handwashing, especially before handling food or after using the restroom.
• Safe food and water practices: Educate individuals on the importance of consuming properly cooked food and drinking clean, filtered water.
• Avoidance of high-risk areas: Advise individuals to avoid areas known to have a high prevalence of parasitic infections, such as certain tropical regions.
• Regular exercise: Regular physical activity can help support the immune system and overall health. Cost: Varies depending on individual preferences.
• Stress management: Stress reduction techniques, such as meditation or yoga, may help support the immune system. Cost: Varies depending on individual preferences.

It is important to note that the cost ranges provided are approximate and may vary depending on the location and availability of the interventions. It is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized treatment options and cost estimates.

Mirari Cold Plasma Alternative Intervention

Understanding Mirari Cold Plasma

• Safe and Non-Invasive Treatment: Mirari Cold Plasma is a safe and non-invasive treatment option for various skin conditions. It does not require incisions, minimizing the risk of scarring, bleeding, or tissue damage.
• Efficient Extraction of Foreign Bodies: Mirari Cold Plasma facilitates the removal of foreign bodies from the skin by degrading and dissociating organic matter, allowing easier access and extraction.
• Pain Reduction and Comfort: Mirari Cold Plasma has a local analgesic effect, providing pain relief during the treatment, making it more comfortable for the patient.
• Reduced Risk of Infection: Mirari Cold Plasma has antimicrobial properties, effectively killing bacteria and reducing the risk of infection.
• Accelerated Healing and Minimal Scarring: Mirari Cold Plasma stimulates wound healing and tissue regeneration, reducing healing time and minimizing the formation of scars.

Mirari Cold Plasma Prescription

Video instructions for using Mirari Cold Plasma Device – D96 Worms/other parasites (ICD-10:B82)

Localized (0) Sacrum (1) Prostate & Uterus (2) Kidney, Liver & Spleen (3) Heart, Bile & Pancreas (4) Lungs (5) Throat, Lymphatic & Thyroid (6) Neuro system & ENT (7)

Use the Mirari Cold Plasma device to treat Worms/other parasites effectively.

WARNING: MIRARI COLD PLASMA IS DESIGNED FOR THE HUMAN BODY WITHOUT ANY ARTIFICIAL OR THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS. USE OF OTHER PRODUCTS IN COMBINATION WITH MIRARI COLD PLASMA MAY CAUSE UNPREDICTABLE EFFECTS, HARM OR INJURY. PLEASE CONSULT A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL BEFORE COMBINING ANY OTHER PRODUCTS WITH USE OF MIRARI.

Step 1: Cleanse the Skin

• Start by cleaning the affected area of the skin with a gentle cleanser or mild soap and water. Gently pat the area dry with a clean towel.

Step 2: Prepare the Mirari Cold Plasma device

• Ensure that the Mirari Cold Plasma device is fully charged or has fresh batteries as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Make sure the device is clean and in good working condition.
• Switch on the Mirari device using the power button or by following the specific instructions provided with the device.
• Some Mirari devices may have adjustable settings for intensity or treatment duration. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to select the appropriate settings based on your needs and the recommended guidelines.

Step 3: Apply the Device

• Place the Mirari device in direct contact with the affected area of the skin. Gently glide or hold the device over the skin surface, ensuring even coverage of the area experiencing.
• Slowly move the Mirari device in a circular motion or follow a specific pattern as indicated in the user manual. This helps ensure thorough treatment coverage.

Step 4: Monitor and Assess:

• Keep track of your progress and evaluate the effectiveness of the Mirari device in managing your Worms/other parasites. If you have any concerns or notice any adverse reactions, consult with your health care professional.

Note

This guide is for informational purposes only and should not replace the advice of a medical professional. Always consult with your healthcare provider or a qualified medical professional for personal advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Do not solely rely on the information presented here for decisions about your health. Use of this information is at your own risk. The authors of this guide, nor any associated entities or platforms, are not responsible for any potential adverse effects or outcomes based on the content.

Mirari Cold Plasma System Disclaimer

• Purpose: The Mirari Cold Plasma System is a Class 2 medical device designed for use by trained healthcare professionals. It is registered for use in Thailand and Vietnam. It is not intended for use outside of these locations.
• Informational Use: The content and information provided with the device are for educational and informational purposes only. They are not a substitute for professional medical advice or care.
• Variable Outcomes: While the device is approved for specific uses, individual outcomes can differ. We do not assert or guarantee specific medical outcomes.
• Consultation: Prior to utilizing the device or making decisions based on its content, it is essential to consult with a Certified Mirari Tele-Therapist and your medical healthcare provider regarding specific protocols.
• Liability: By using this device, users are acknowledging and accepting all potential risks. Neither the manufacturer nor the distributor will be held accountable for any adverse reactions, injuries, or damages stemming from its use.
• Geographical Availability: This device has received approval for designated purposes by the Thai and Vietnam FDA. As of now, outside of Thailand and Vietnam, the Mirari Cold Plasma System is not available for purchase or use.

References

1. Wendt, S., Trawinski, H., Schubert, S., Rodloff, A. C., Mössner, J., & Lübbert, C. (2019). The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 116(13), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0213
2. ICPC-2 – English. (n.d.). PH3C. http://www.ph3c.org/PH3C/docs/27/000496/0000908.pdf
3. ICD-10 Version:2019. (n.d.). WHO. https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/B82
4. Intestinal Worms: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Recovery, and More. (n.d.). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/intestinal-worms
5. Worms – causes, symptoms and treatment – JSC «Medicine. (n.d.). En.Medicina.Ru. https://en.medicina.ru/for-patients/diseases/worms/
6. Intestinal Worms: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Recovery, and More. (n.d.). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/intestinal-worms
7. Kim, Stuart K (2007). Common aging pathways in worms, flies, mice and humans. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.004887
8. Chapman, H. D. (1997). Biochemical, genetic and applied aspects of drug resistance in Eimeria parasites of the fowl. DOI: 10.1080/03079459708419208
9. Karanis, Panagiotis ; Kourenti, Christina ; Smith, Huw (2007). Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: A worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. DOI: 10.2166/wh.2006.002
10. El Said Said, Doaa (2012). Detection of parasites in commonly consumed raw vegetables. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2012.05.005