B28 Limited function/disability (ICD-10:Z73.6)

Introduction

Limited function/disability refers to a condition where an individual experiences a decrease in their ability to perform daily activities due to physical, cognitive, or mental impairments^[1]. This guide aims to provide an overview of the symptoms, causes, diagnostic steps, possible interventions, and lifestyle interventions for limited function/disability based on current medical evidence^[2].

Codes

• ICPC-2 Code: B28 Limited function/disability^[3]
• ICD-10 Code: Z73.6 Limitation of activities due to disability^[4]

Symptoms

• Difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADLs) including bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, and feeding^[5]
• Impaired mobility and ambulation difficulties^[6]
• Muscle weakness affecting functional performance^[7]
• Cognitive impairments affecting memory, executive function, or decision-making^[8]
• Pain or discomfort that limits functional activities^[9]
• Fatigue or lack of energy impacting daily functioning^[10]
• Dependence on assistive devices or personal assistance for daily activities^[11]

Causes

• Musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., arthritis, osteoporosis)^[12]
• Neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury)^[13]
• Chronic conditions (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)^[14]
• Traumatic injuries (e.g., spinal cord injury, brain injury)^[15]
• Mental health disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, schizophrenia)^[16]
• Genetic conditions (e.g., Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome)^[17]
• Age-related conditions and degenerative processes^[18]

Diagnostic Steps

Medical History

• Gather comprehensive information about the patient’s medical conditions, including chronic illnesses, previous injuries, and genetic predispositions^[19]
• Identify risk factors that may contribute to functional limitations^[20]
• Assess the onset, progression, and impact of symptoms on daily activities^[21]

Physical Examination

• Perform thorough physical examination to assess muscle strength, range of motion, and coordination^[22]
• Evaluate sensory function, reflexes, and neurological status^[23]
• Assess joint abnormalities, deformities, and postural stability^[24]

Laboratory Tests

• Blood tests: Screen for underlying conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, vitamin deficiencies, or inflammatory markers^[25]
• Imaging studies: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to evaluate musculoskeletal system and identify structural abnormalities^[26]
• Neurological tests: Evaluate nerve function and identify neurological disorders^[27]

Functional and Cognitive Assessments

• Functional assessments: Use standardized tools such as the Barthel Index, Katz ADL Index, or Work Disability Functional Assessment Battery (WD-FAB) to evaluate ability to perform activities of daily living^[28]
• Cognitive assessments: Employ validated instruments like the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), or Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) to assess cognitive function^[29]

Follow-up and Patient Education

• Schedule regular follow-up appointments to monitor patient progress and adjust treatment plans as necessary^[30]
• Provide education to patients and caregivers about managing symptoms, preventing complications, and promoting overall well-being^[31]

Possible Interventions

Traditional Interventions

Medications:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (e.g., Ibuprofen, Naproxen):

• Cost: Generic versions $10-$30/month^[32]
• Contraindications: Active gastrointestinal bleeding, severe kidney disease, history of allergic reactions
• Side effects: Gastrointestinal upset, increased cardiovascular risk with prolonged use
• Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, ACE inhibitors, diuretics^[33]

Muscle relaxants (e.g., Cyclobenzaprine, Methocarbamol):

• Cost: Generic versions $15-$40/month^[34]
• Contraindications: Severe liver disease, hypersensitivity, concurrent MAO inhibitor use
• Side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth
• Warning: May impair driving ability and cognitive function^[35]

Antidepressants (e.g., Amitriptyline, Duloxetine):

• Cost: Generic versions $15-$50/month^[36]
• Contraindications: Recent myocardial infarction, concurrent MAO inhibitor use, severe liver disease
• Side effects: Dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, sexual dysfunction
• Warning: May increase suicide risk in young adults; requires gradual dose adjustment^[37]

Anticonvulsants (e.g., Gabapentin, Pregabalin):

• Cost: Generic versions $20-$60/month^[38]
• Contraindications: Severe kidney disease, hypersensitivity
• Side effects: Dizziness, peripheral edema, weight gain
• Drug interactions: Opioids, benzodiazepines (increased sedation risk)^[39]

Cognitive enhancers (e.g., Donepezil, Rivastigmine):

• Cost: Generic versions $30-$80/month^[40]
• Contraindications: Severe hepatic impairment, hypersensitivity, certain cardiac conduction disorders
• Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia
• Warning: Regular monitoring of liver and cardiac function required^[41]

Surgical Procedures:

• Joint replacement surgery: Total knee replacement costs $30,000-$50,000 in the US; may be considered for severe joint damage^[42]
• Spinal fusion surgery: Costs $50,000-$150,000; used to stabilize spine and relieve pain^[43]
• Deep brain stimulation: Costs $75,000-$125,000; used for managing movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease^[44]

Alternative Interventions

• Physical therapy: Helps improve mobility, strength, and functional capacity; costs $80-$150 per session without insurance, $20-$60 with insurance copay^[45]
• Occupational therapy: Focuses on improving daily activities and functional independence; costs $100-$200 per session^[46]
• Acupuncture: May provide pain relief and improve overall well-being; costs $60-$120 per session^[47]
• Chiropractic care: Can assist with musculoskeletal conditions and pain management; costs $50-$200 per session^[48]
• Massage therapy: May provide relaxation and pain relief; costs $50-$100 per session^[49]

Lifestyle Interventions

• Exercise: Regular physical activity improves strength, flexibility, cardiovascular health, and overall well-being^[50]
• Healthy diet: Balanced nutrition supports overall health and may reduce inflammation^[51]
• Assistive devices: Mobility aids, adaptive equipment, and assistive technology enhance independence and safety^[52]
• Stress management: Techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, and deep breathing exercises can improve mental health and pain management^[53]
• Sleep hygiene: Adequate quality sleep is essential for physical recovery and cognitive function^[54]
• Social engagement: Maintaining social connections and community participation supports mental health and functional outcomes^[55]

Note: Cost ranges are approximate and may vary significantly based on geographic location, insurance coverage, and specific provider fees. Patients should consult with healthcare professionals for personalized treatment recommendations and accurate cost estimates^[56].

Mirari Cold Plasma Alternative Intervention

Understanding Mirari Cold Plasma

• Safe and Non-Invasive Treatment: Mirari Cold Plasma is a safe and non-invasive treatment option for various skin conditions. It does not require incisions, minimizing the risk of scarring, bleeding, or tissue damage.
• Efficient Extraction of Foreign Bodies: Mirari Cold Plasma facilitates the removal of foreign bodies from the skin by degrading and dissociating organic matter, allowing easier access and extraction.
• Pain Reduction and Comfort: Mirari Cold Plasma has a local analgesic effect, providing pain relief during the treatment, making it more comfortable for the patient.
• Reduced Risk of Infection: Mirari Cold Plasma has antimicrobial properties, effectively killing bacteria and reducing the risk of infection.
• Accelerated Healing and Minimal Scarring: Mirari Cold Plasma stimulates wound healing and tissue regeneration, reducing healing time and minimizing the formation of scars.

Mirari Cold Plasma Prescription

Video instructions for using Mirari Cold Plasma Device – B28 Limited function/disability (ICD-10:Z73.6)

Mild	Moderate	Severe
Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 1 (Sacrum) Morning: 15 minutes, Evening: 15 minutes	Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 1 (Sacrum) Morning: 30 minutes, Lunch: 30 minutes, Evening: 30 minutes	Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 1 (Sacrum) Morning: 30 minutes, Lunch: 30 minutes, Evening: 30 minutes
Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 4 (Heart, Bile & Pancreas) Morning: 15 minutes, Evening: 15 minutes	Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 4 (Heart, Bile & Pancreas) Morning: 30 minutes, Lunch: 30 minutes, Evening: 30 minutes	Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 4 (Heart, Bile & Pancreas) Morning: 30 minutes, Lunch: 30 minutes, Evening: 30 minutes
Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 7 (Neuro system & ENT) Morning: 15 minutes, Evening: 15 minutes	Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 7 (Neuro system & ENT) Morning: 30 minutes, Lunch: 30 minutes, Evening: 30 minutes	Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 7 (Neuro system & ENT) Morning: 30 minutes, Lunch: 30 minutes, Evening: 30 minutes
Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 7 (Neuro system & ENT) Morning: 15 minutes, Evening: 15 minutes	Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 7 (Neuro system & ENT) Morning: 30 minutes, Lunch: 30 minutes, Evening: 30 minutes	Mode setting: 7 (Immunotherapy) Location: 7 (Neuro system & ENT) Morning: 30 minutes, Lunch: 30 minutes, Evening: 30 minutes
Total Morning: 60 minutes approx. $10 USD, Evening: 60 minutes approx. $10 USD	Total Morning: 120 minutes approx. $20 USD, Lunch: 120 minutes approx. $20 USD, Evening: 120 minutes approx. $20 USD,	Total Morning: 120 minutes approx. $20 USD, Lunch: 120 minutes approx. $20 USD, Evening: 120 minutes approx. $20 USD,
Usual treatment for 7-60 days approx. $140 USD – $1200 USD	Usual treatment for 6-8 weeks approx. $2,520 USD – $3,360 USD	Usual treatment for 3-6 months approx. $5,400 USD – $10,800 USD

Localized (0) Sacrum (1) Prostate & Uterus (2) Kidney, Liver & Spleen (3) Heart, Bile & Pancreas (4) Lungs (5) Throat, Lymphatic & Thyroid (6) Neuro system & ENT (7)

Use the Mirari Cold Plasma device to treat Limited function/disability effectively.

WARNING: MIRARI COLD PLASMA IS DESIGNED FOR THE HUMAN BODY WITHOUT ANY ARTIFICIAL OR THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS. USE OF OTHER PRODUCTS IN COMBINATION WITH MIRARI COLD PLASMA MAY CAUSE UNPREDICTABLE EFFECTS, HARM OR INJURY. PLEASE CONSULT A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL BEFORE COMBINING ANY OTHER PRODUCTS WITH USE OF MIRARI.

Step 1: Cleanse the Skin

• Start by cleaning the affected area of the skin with a gentle cleanser or mild soap and water. Gently pat the area dry with a clean towel.

Step 2: Prepare the Mirari Cold Plasma device

• Ensure that the Mirari Cold Plasma device is fully charged or has fresh batteries as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Make sure the device is clean and in good working condition.
• Switch on the Mirari device using the power button or by following the specific instructions provided with the device.
• Some Mirari devices may have adjustable settings for intensity or treatment duration. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to select the appropriate settings based on your needs and the recommended guidelines.

Step 3: Apply the Device

• Place the Mirari device in direct contact with the affected area of the skin. Gently glide or hold the device over the skin surface, ensuring even coverage of the area experiencing.
• Slowly move the Mirari device in a circular motion or follow a specific pattern as indicated in the user manual. This helps ensure thorough treatment coverage.

Step 4: Monitor and Assess:

• Keep track of your progress and evaluate the effectiveness of the Mirari device in managing your Limited function/disability. If you have any concerns or notice any adverse reactions, consult with your health care professional.

Note

This guide is for informational purposes only and should not replace the advice of a medical professional. Always consult with your healthcare provider or a qualified medical professional for personal advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Do not solely rely on the information presented here for decisions about your health. Use of this information is at your own risk. The authors of this guide, nor any associated entities or platforms, are not responsible for any potential adverse effects or outcomes based on the content.

Mirari Cold Plasma System Disclaimer

• Purpose: The Mirari Cold Plasma System is a Class 2 medical device designed for use by trained healthcare professionals. It has received clearance from the U.S. FDA and is registered for use in Thailand and Vietnam. It is not intended for use outside of these locations.
• Informational Use: The content and information provided with the device are for educational and informational purposes only. They are not a substitute for professional medical advice or care.
• Variable Outcomes: While the device is approved for specific uses, individual outcomes can differ. We do not assert or guarantee specific medical outcomes.
• Consultation: Prior to utilizing the device or making decisions based on its content, it is essential to consult with a Certified Mirari Tele-Therapist and your medical healthcare provider regarding specific protocols.
• Liability: By using this device, users are acknowledging and accepting all potential risks. Neither the manufacturer nor the distributor will be held accountable for any adverse reactions, injuries, or damages stemming from its use.
• Geographical Availability: This device has received approval for designated purposes by the Thai and Vietnam FDA. As of now, outside of Thailand and Vietnam, the Mirari Cold Plasma System is not available for purchase or use.

References

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